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Saturday, June 4, 2011

Back in town

Its all about destiny that i am back in town in indiabulls mega all project.After completing project like r o plant it will be totaly different experiance of commercial civil work.will be back soon with new exp of mall project.
regards
parth parikh

Sunday, May 29, 2011

BUILDING CONTRACT TYPES

DIFFERENT TYPES OF CONSTRUCTION CONTRACTS -

Contracts are usually categorized according to the type of payment but can be tailored to incorporate common elements from several different Contract types. Some of the common forms of Contract are described below.

UNIT PRICE (ITEM WISE) CONTRACT
LUMP SUM ( FIRM FIXED PRICE) CONTRACT
LABOUR CONTRACT
COST + CONTRACT
PROJECT MANAGAMENT CONTRACT

1. UNIT PRICE (ITEM WISE) CONTRACT-
This kind of Contract is based on the estimated quantities of each item of the building project and unit prices (for each item) which have been agreed to. The final price of the project is dependent on the quantities of the items needed to carry out the work, which may eventually vary from what was initially estimated. The terms of this type of Contract therefore accommodates flexibility for price adjustment. The agreed to value may be subject to amendment if the volume is reduced or exceeds the original negotiated terms and price.

ADVANTAGES OF UNIT PRICE CONTRACT-
* Involvement of the Architect- The Architect is involved in this type of Contract because it is he who provides the quantities of each item (in the Bill of quantities), and negotiates the unit prices with the Contractor. Moreover, in this type of Contract, the Owner makes payments to the Contractor only after the Architect has verified the measurements at Site and certified the Contractor’s bills for payment. This way the Owner is safe as he is paying only for the volume of work done at site and not paying anything extra. Also, he is assured (because the Architect is involved), that the quality of the work will be upto the mark.

* Initial investment by the Contractor - In this type of Contract, the Contractor has to initially invest his own money for starting the work, and so the Owner need not worry about giving the Contractor a big advance.

* Most Scientific type of Building Contract - In general this Contract is considered the most scientific and most suitable for construction projects where the different types of items, but not their numbers, can be accurately identified in the Contract documents.

* Contractor is also safeguarded- against any contingencies, or variations in labour or material rates.

DISADVANTAGES OF THE UNIT PRICE CONTRACT -
From the Contractor's point of view, there is one disadvantage and that is, he has to invest his own money initially. Sometimes, Owners can be tricky and may try to get rid of the Contractor after he has started the work without paying for it.
Though this is one of the most preferred Contracts in Constuction/Buildings, it is not unusual to combine a Unit Price Contract for parts of the project with a Lump Sum Contract or other types of Contracts.
2. LUMP SUM (FIRM FIXED PRICE) CONTRACT -
With this kind of Contract the Contractor agrees to do the construction and completion of the building at a designated time for a fixed price or Lump Sum. Also named "Fixed Fee Contract", this type of Contract is often used in Building Contracts. Fixed Fee or Lump Sum Contract is suitable if the scope and schedule of the project are sufficiently defined to allow the estimation of the project costs.The scope of the Contract defines the expectations of both parties.

ADVANTAGES OF LUMP SUM CONTRACT -
* Fixed Price - A lump sum Contract provides for a price that is not subject to any adjustment on the basis of the Contractor’s cost experience in performing the Contract. This Contract type places upon the Contractor maximum risk and full responsibility for all costs and resulting profit or loss.

* Certainty - This type of Contract provides a degree of certainty for both parties because the Contract clearly spells out what is involved.

* No Unforeseen price variation for the Owner - Since the price is fixed, any unforeseen contingencies or variations in material or labour prices do not affect the Owner.

* Control Costs - It provides maximum incentive for the Contractor to control costs and perform effectively and imposes a minimum administrative burden upon the Contracting parties.

DISADVANTAGES OF THE LUMP SUM CONTRACT-
* Architect is not involved - An Architect is not involved as this Contract is an agreement between the Owner and the Contractor for a final fixed price. So the Architect does not have a role to play, and hence the quality of work cannot be checked and controlled by an expert.
* The specifications are not clear - Therefore, the Contractor can use alternative/inferior brands of materials.

* Ambiguity - There is a lot of ambiguity in the specifications, measurements, mode of payment, etc.
* Extras - Though the Contract is made on a fixed price, the Contractor may claim extras by giving different reasons, since the specifications, measurements are not clear.

* Money taken in advance - The Contractor takes money in advance from the Owner, and then he proceeds with the work at his own pace. Also sometimes, the Contractors deliberately hold up work towards the end, so as to extract maximum money from the Owner. So the Owner feels helpless as his money is with the Contractor.

A lump sum Contract can be used in conjunction with an award-fee incentive and performance incentives, when the award fee or incentive is based solely on factors other than cost. The Contract type remains Lump Sum when used with these incentives.
A lump sum Contract, which best utilizes the basic profit motive of business can be used when the risk involved is minimal or can be predicted with an acceptable degree of certainty. However, when a reasonable basis for firm pricing does not exist, other Contract types (or Combination types) should be considered that will appropriately tie profit to Contractor performance.
LUMP SUM CONTRACT WITH PRICE ADJUSTMENT-

It provides for upward and downward revision of the stated Contract price upon the occurrence of specified contingencies. A lump sum Contract with economic price adjustment may be used when there is serious doubt concerning the stability of market or labor conditions that will exist during an extended period of Contract performance, and contingencies that would otherwise be included in the Contract price can be identified and covered separately in the Contract. Economic price adjustments are adjustments:
- based on established prices of specific items or the Contract end items,
- based on actual costs of labor or material that the Contractor actually experiences during Contract performance and
- based on cost indexes of labor or material that are specifically identified in the Contract.
In establishing the base level from which adjustment will be made, one shall ensure that contingency allowances are not duplicated by inclusion in both the base price and the adjustment requested by the Contractor.
3. LABOUR CONTRACT -
In this type of Contract, the Owner buys and supplies all the material required for the construction to the Labour Contractor and only uses his labour. The system of employing Contract labour is prevalent in most industries involving skilled and semi skilled jobs, including Construction. A workman is deemed to be employed as Contract Labour when he is hired in connection with the work by or through a Contractor. Contract workmen are indirect employees; persons who are hired, supervised and remunerated by a Contractor who, in turn, iscompensated by the Owner of the site. Contract labour has to be employed for work which is specific and for definite duration.

ADVANTAGES OF A LABOUR CONTRACT-
* Save on Contractor's Profit - This kind of Contract is sometimes preferred by the Owner, because he buys all the material by himself and thus saves a lot on the Contractor’s profit.

* Control over Materials -Moreover, the Owner can buy the materials of his choice and can be sure of the brand that will be used in the construction.

DISADVANTAGES OF A LABOUR CONTRACT -
However, as an Architect, I personally would discourage a Client from entering into this type of Contract for the following reasons:
* No role for Architect -In this Contract also, the Architect does not have a role to play, and so quality of work cannot be checked and controlled by an expert.

* Tensions for the Owner - There is a lot of headache and tension involved in running around and arranging for the supply of materials at site, on time as the work progresses.

* Quality of Materials may be compromised -It is easy to get fooled on the quality of sand, bricks etc because the Owner is not very experienced in assessing the quality.

* May not get a good bargain- It is difficult to strike a good bargain when negotiating with suppliers and vendors, because the Owner is a one time Client, wheras the Contrctor normally has an advantage as he is a regular Client and a relationship is built between him and the suppliers.

* Pilferage - There is every possibility of pilferage of the material stored at site, because it is not the responsibility of the Labour Contractor.

* Delay in Work -Very often labourers, masons etc do not turn up to site as they may be lured for a day to some other site and hence the work gets delayed.

* Go slow on the Project - Since the workers are generally paid for the work on a daily basis, the labour Contractor may purposely go slow so that he he takes longer to complete the job and so get paid more.

* Social injustice - Inferior labour status, casual nature of employment, lack of job security and poor economic conditions are the major characteristics of Contract labour. While economic factors like cost effectiveness may justify system of Contract labour, considerations of social justice call for its abolition or regulation.
In fact, in my experience, I have seen that in most cases, the Owner ends up spending almost as much, at the end of the project as he would have if he had chosen any other type of Contract.
4. COST + CONTRACT-
This type of Contract is not popular in India. This is a Contract agreement wherein the Owner agrees to pay the cost of all labor and materials plus an amount for Contractor overhead and profit (usually as a percentage of the labor and material cost). It is like a Labour Contract, but here the Contractor buys the materials and provides the labour and is reimbursed accordingly. This type of Contract is favored where the scope of the work is indeterminate or highly uncertain and the kinds of labor, material and equipment needed are also uncertain. Under this arrangement complete records of all time and materials spent by the Contractor on the work must be maintained. This type of Contract can be altered according to the basis on which the additional amount paid to the Contractor is fixed.

a) COST + FIXED % CONTRACT- It is based on a percentage of the cost
b) COST + FIXED FEE CONTRACT – It is based on a fixed sum independent of the final project cost.
c) COST + FIXED FEE BONUS CONTRACT –It is based on a fixed sum of money and a bonus is given if the project finishes below budget, ahead of schedule etc.
d) COST + FIXED FEE WITH SHARING ANY COST SAVINGS CONTRACT- It is based on a fixed sum of money and any cost savings are shared with the Owner and the Contractor.
e) INCENTIVE CONTRACTS – It is based on the Contractor’s performance on the agreed target - budget, schedule and/or quality.


ADVANTAGES OF THE COST + CONTRACT -
* It has the advantages of the Labour Contracts.

* Incentive for the Contractor - In addition, since the Contractor gets an additional amount at the end of the project, it provides maximum incentive for the Contractor to control costs and perform effectively and on schedule.

DISADVANTAGES OF COST + CONTRACT-
* No role for Architect - In this Contract also, the Architect does not have a role to play, and so quality of work cannot be checked and controlled by an expert.

* No Proof- Since the Contractor is reimbursed based on the records of the workers he has employed and the materials he has bought, one can never be sure if these records are genuine, as there is no way of verifying them. So, this type of Contract is rarely adopted in India.

5. PROJECT MANAGEMENT CONTRACT -
Project Management Contracts are a type of Contract where the Architect agrees to manage the Contract, as defined by the scope of the agreement, for a specified duration of time for monetary consideration. This type of Contract can be short term or long term.

ADVANTAGES OF PROJECT MANAGEMENT -
* No worries for the Owner - The Clients can focus on their core operations while the Architect (Project Manager) looks after the management of Projects, people and issues, ensuring that deadlines are met, quality is maintained and costs are controlled.

* Co-ordination - The Project Manager coordinates with all the agencies, including the Consultants, the Contractor and the Suppliers to ensure that the construction of the project goes on smoothly.

DISADVANTAGES OF PROJECT MANAGEMENT -
* Extra Cost -Some Clients hesitate to go in for Project Management Contract as they have to pay extra for project management, in addition to the fees paid to the Architect. However, there are lots of Clients nowadays, who opt for Project management as it saves them from a lot of headache and they can concentrate on their work as the building comes up. Moreover, in the long run, since the project is completed on time, and costs are controlled, the Client actually saves.

Saturday, May 14, 2011

Positive Difference
When there are no friends,
When life is on the dead end,
When world is not a paradise,
When your confidence dies,
Tell yourself - Go on, THIS IS LIFE..!

When things don't go right,
When there is no ray of light,
And its too hard to survive,
Tell yourself - Go on, THIS IS LIFE..!

When there is competition to face,
When you are lagging behind in the race,
When you've lost faith in God,
When you're betrayed by a fraud,
Tell yourself - Go on, THIS IS LIFE..!

When others don't respect you,
When you're not amongst the admirable few,
When for a question, you can't find a solution,
When all you're sure about, is confusion,
Tell yourself - Go on, THIS IS LIFE..!

When your destination is miles apart,
When you don't know where to start,
When all you see around is pain,
When your hard work is in vain,
Tell yourself - Go on, THIS IS LIFE..!

Even though all this happens
just have faith in self & face the life with a smile,
Things will surely change one day
Because as said "THIS IS LIFE ... !


Whether the day is gray or whether it is sunny, you can make a difference. If others support you or if they conspire to stand in your way, you can make a difference.
If you have plenty of resources available to you or if you have very few, you can make a difference. If momentum is on your side or if it is not, you can make a difference.
You can wait and hope for things to go your way. Or you can get busy and make it happen.
You can complain that life has been terribly unfair. Or you can move ahead anyway and achieve what you intend, no matter what the obstacles may be.
You can plead with others to give you a break. Or you can go ahead and forge your own path to success.
Wherever you may be, whatever may have happened, you can make a positive difference. Live with commitment, decide to move forward no matter what, and you will.

Friday, February 18, 2011

Baroda-ly speaking

Is there a course in modesty? If so, it should be prescribed in all colleges compulsorily. How to talk on phone, the correct conduct in offices, the common courtesies that make life much more bearable. Getting your thank-yous and sorrys in place! I sound like an etiquette-Nazi, here. But I won't apologise for that.
Look at Mr shah rukh khan. Whatever his personal merits and demerits be, he is extremely courteous and self-effacing when speaking to the press. Not 'I am the God of Indian Cinema and you better not ask me any silly questions'. Never. Maybe that's just a facade and all that modesty is just a clever emotional barricade. The point is, he makes an effort when he doesn't need to. People would continue adoring him, even if he was more ego-maniacal or less modest. Fake it, if you don't feel modest or can't be bothered. But at least make an effort.
Of course, this doesn't mean we should all be robotic prototypes of exemplary behaviour all the time. Arrogance comes in handy when dealing with somebody with a bad attitude. Shout back at the bullies. Aloof, standoffish, cold and impertinent attitude is just the cure for some who deserve a taste of their own medicine. Use the swear words, when they have the maximum impact and when the situation calls for it. Not the whole effing-time. It is not 'cool', really. It just shows your limited vocabulary

Wednesday, February 16, 2011

yeh saali zindagi - worth to watch

We went to watch Yeh Saali Zindagi last sunday . The movie has been running a house full across theatres in it's second week and I was eager to see it owing to rave reviews from many of my friends. The advantage of going to this movies is that there are hardly any wailing babies (though they would be big fools to bring kids to YSZ), and the irritating "waiters" at cinemax are conspicuously absent.

I admit I should have done some basic googling about the actors in the movie, but I was pleasantly surprised that it starred Irrfan Khan, the ravishing Chitrangada Singh and two new faces: Arunoday Singh and the extremely hot Aditi Rao Hydari. Arunoday Singh happens to be the grandson of the great Arjun Singh, whose noble deed led us to stay double even in our third year, but that is a story for another time. The opening credits of the movie come in a James Bond-esque fashion with bullets flying all over the place from animated guns and hitting (if I remember correctly) silhouttes of people. The movie starts with an extremely fast pace with enough swear words to put the average IITian to shame. Most of the movie is based in Delhi and surrounding areas and involves a lot of Prince of Persia/Aladdin rooftop stunts.

An amusing thing about the movie is the lack of songs. There is only one song with dance accompanied which introduces Chitrangada's character and also happens to be the title track. The music is extremely catchy. Since I follow the Matrix OST, it was not at all difficult to recognise Prodigy's "Mindfields" playing in the background score, and I am yet to find a reference of it on the internet. The other background scores are also to the point and always in context.

The film also has a hot love making scene between the new-comers Hydari and Arunoday. Many kisses on the lips, but the whole thing is shot very tastefully and maturely.

The movie does take extremely arbitrary turns once in a while. Well, the point of such movies is to leave your brain back at your homes/hostel rooms and take the inconsistencies with a pinch of salt. There is not a single moment in the movie which bores you. All the characters are extremely likable, except for the shady Shyam, whom I will not forgive for trying to cheat two girls at the same time (don't worry, this isn't a spoiler) especially when there are people here without a single girl. The movie goes extremely well until (SPOILER ALERT) one of the very last scenes when the bullet fired from the gun misses its target and ricochets off the bars in a gate and off walls to give a bad feel.

All in all, YSZ is a very bold move for Indian cinema - the absence of songs, an excellent cast ensemble, well shot love-making, awesome cinematography and Arabian nights rooftop stunts. One might be reminded of Jane tu ya jane naa, which is definitely from a similar genre - the leave your brains behind movie. This movie, definitely recommended!

Tuesday, February 15, 2011

second post after long long 7 month

after 7 month i am back to the blog....hope i will be regular.In this 7 month cat,snap n all other examination held n results r also out..now a day m treading water till the gd/pi of symbiosis n gcet examination come.i may pospone my mba plan to next year as my goal to take addmission in good b-school will not complete with this cat score.now i have desided to take job for this year.The experience of job will bolster me in the next year addmissin process.
now i have desided to write blog regularly so i will back tomorrow.gud night tc luv u all...